Tests

HORTICULTURE

Lecture Test 1 Name_______________________________________

1. MATCHING (10 points)

Write an appropriate word from the following list that best fits in the corresponding blank below. Each item may be used only once. You will not use all of the terms.

annual biennial apical meristem

seed deciduous tuber

auxin evergreen herbaceous perennial

bulb woody perennial monocarpic

_______________________a.

_______________________b.

_______________________c.

_______________________d;

_______________________e.

_______________________f.

_______________________g.

_______________________h.

_______________________i. root hardy only; grows and flowers year after year

______________________j. “bud” is enclosed by endosperm

3. What is the difference between vernalization and stratification? (3 points)

4. Briefly explain the relationship of fertilizer and water (quality and quantity) to the health of the root system.

Answer each of these questions as completely as you can based on the seed catalog information provided on this page. (2 points each)

5. What is the scientific name of the blackberry lily?

_____________________________

6. Give the full formal name of a perennial cultivar

_____________________________

7. Give an example of the full name of variety.

_____________________________

8. Give the scientific names of two different species in the same genus

_____________________________

9. Give the name of a hybrid that is not a cultivar.

_____________________________

10. Give the name of a house plant with showy flowers.

_____________________________

11. In order to make a coleus bushier, you normally pinch off the top two inches of the growing stem. Explain the principle behind this very important practice. (2 points)

12. Explain optimum night temperature. (2 pts)

13. Why do you not see plants hardy in zones 4 & 5 and 9 & 10more widely used in the Charlotte area? (2 points)

14. Why do most ornamental plants fail to set seed when they are self pollinated? (2 points)

15. Fruit trees and other woody plants which are given a dose of 30-10-10 fertilizer near the end of the growing season are more susceptible to winter injury than are trees that are not fertilized. Briefly explain why. (2 pts)

16. What effect would nights with 14 or more hours of darkness have on a short-day holiday plant like Thanksgiving Cactus.? Briefly explain. (2 points)

17. In a greenhouse where light is plentiful, a dense crop of plants might not grow as well as you might expect. If this is winter time and the greenhouse is kept properly cooled, what could you do that might improve the growth performance of the pants? (2 points)

18. If a plant survives in an office (without windows) while receiving 400 fc of artificial light during an eight hour work-day, what intensity of light would be required if the lights were left on for 12 hours a day? Show your calculations. Briefly explain why. (3 points)

19. What USDA hardiness zone is Charlotte in?________ and what is the definition of a hardiness zone (e.g. what are they based on)? (3 pts)

20. As a plant moves from its juvenile stage of growth to its mature phase, what are two of the most likely changes that you will notice in its appearance or behavior.? (3 points)

21. Which would you predict would grow better, a low-light plant placed in a south-facing window, but with a

red-colored plastic shading material covering the window to cut down on the heat; or a medium-light

plant growing in an un-covered east widow. Briefly explain. (3 pts)

Explain the role of day length in the flowering of plants.

22. Comment on the validity of the following statement: A "soilless" growing medium (such as a mixture of peat, perlite, and vermiculite) is ideal for growing plants as long as you add sufficient amounts of a balanced fertilizer on a regular basis. Explain. (3 points)

27. DEFINITIONS: Briefly, in the blank provided, define (or explain) ONLY EIGHT of the following 12 terms

(If you answer more than 8, I will grade only the first 8) [16 points]

(a) solute ____________________________________________________________________________

(b) petiole ___________________________________________________________________________

(d) compensation point _________________________________________________________________

(e) clone _____________________________________________________________________________

(f) anther _____________________________________________________________________________

(g) monocarpic_________________________________________________________________________

(h) colloid ____________________________________________________________________________

(i) xylem _____________________________________________________________________________

(j) carbohydrate starvation _______________________________________________________________

(k) fruit _______________________________________________________________________________

(l) pore space __________________________________________________________________________

LECTURE TEST 2

HORTICULTURE Name___________________________________

1. Indicate whether each of the following statements is True or False. If false, briefly correct the statement, and/or give an example. (26 points)

DO NOT SIMPLY ADD A "NOT" TO CHANGE A FALSE STATEMENT.

1. _____ Woody plants which are pruned to grow flat against a wall are called topiaries.

2. _____ Spring–blooming trees and shrubs should be heavily pruned back in the late fall to maximize flowers for next year.

3. _____ Mulch should be used around a newly planted tree to prevent frost heaving in the winter and drying out in the summer.

4. _____ When planting a balled–and–burlapped plant, it is best to dig a hole just big enough for the root ball so as not to disturb the surrounding solid soil structure.

5. _____ Bare–root plants may be handled most successfully anytime the plants are dormant and they are kept from drying out.

6. _____ American elms and silver maples are two of the best landscape trees because they are sturdy and long-lived.

7. _____ A selective systemic herbicide will completely kill (roots & all) any plant that it is sprayed upon.

8. _____ "Heading back" is the rejuvenation technique for completely removing whole branches from a thickly overgrown shrub.

2. Comment on the validity of the following statement: "In the production of an outstanding landscape design in which unity is achieved, a great deal of attention must be given to the aspects of form, texture, and color. Since many nursery-grown plants have a similar appearance when you buy them, the specific species or cultivar that you use does not matter as long as the above principles of design are properly considered." (4 pts)

3. What are two strictly cultural (or environmental) reasons why foliage house plants many not produce flowers? (4 pts)

a.____________________________________________________________________

b.____________________________________________________________________

4. Let's say you worked part-time at a large well-stocked nursery or garden center selling landscape plants to the general public. If a customer came up to you for advice, what would be the first two questions you would ask about their landscape situation that would best enable you to help them pick out suitable plant material. (4 points)

Explain you answer.

5. One popular definition of a weed is "a useless plant." (3 points)

(1) Give two specific examples to show that this is NOT a good definition.

(2) What is a better definition?

6. Give two different reasons why our common houseplants typically come from the jungles of tropical countries. (4 points)

7. Give three specific examples of different kinds of perennial weeds that may be troublesome AND indicate how each weed persists as a perennial (that is, its special adaptation for being a better weed). (6 pts)

a.________________________________________________________________________

b.________________________________________________________________________

c.________________________________________________________________________

8. Rank each of the following four hypothetical weeds as to its potential degree of weediness. (#1 would be the most weedy, #4 the least) (4 pts)

_____ a. A delicate rosette-forming perennial with many obligate insect-pollinated flowers on tall or short stems.

_____ b. A woody perennial which takes 10 years to reach maturity, has small wind-pollinated flowers, and

_____ c. A fast-growing rhizomatous perennial with tall wind-pollinated flowering stalks that produce one mass of spring-germinating seeds

_____ d. A multi-branched summer annual with brittle stems that root at the nodes; continually produces many small, self-pollinated flowers

9. What are two specific things you could do to help cool a greenhouse in the summer time (4 points)

10. Relative humidity is an important environmental feature of greenhouses

to monitor. As the relative humidity goes up, the plants seem to like it better. What are two different specific ways to increase relative humidity in a greenhouse in winter? (4 points)

11.Give two specific reasons why a greenhouse could be less desirable than a sunny window in a home for growing foliage houseplants. (3 pts)

15. (12 points) LANDSCAPE PLANT CHARACTERISTICS. Fill in each blank with an appropriate common name of a perennial cultivated plant that fits the characteristic listed.

Most apply to landscape plants, except as noted. USE A NAME ONLY ONCE.

a.______________________ broad-leaved evergreen

b.______________________ flowers in summer

c.______________________ not plant near walk

d.______________________ red fall foliage

e.______________________ decorative fruits

f.______________________ good for shade

g.______________________ decorative bark

h.______________________ distinctive shape

i.______________________ conifer with many cultivar forms

j.______________________ makes a good specimen plant

k.______________________ an undesirable tree

l. _____________________ a houseplant that blooms year around

m. . an evergreen groundcover

n. creates shade

o. showy flowers in winter

p. good for foundation planting

q. showy fruits I winter

r. fragrant flowers

s. susceptible to diseases or pests

t. may form large colony

u. for acidic sites

v. coarse texture

w. showy spring flowering shrub

16. Discussion Question. [write on the back] (8 pts.)

Be sure you write enough to justify 8 points.

[you might make four distinct observations]

Give your impressions of the significance of the movie “Kudzu” that you saw in class. You may consider any aspects and any interpretation, as long as you support what you say with facts or logic. You may use facts about Kudzu that were not necessarily in the movie.

Horticulture Final Exam Name_________________________________________

(150 points total)

NOTE-These are some of the QUESTIONS that will be on the final – you find the answers. In addition, there will be a sampling of questions most missed from test one and two –some are given here.

Part 1

(Questions 1–32) MULTIPLE CHOICE - there are 4 possible answers per question: . Circle the letter of the correct answer(s) - There will be more than one correct answer for some question unless specified otherwise.

DO NOT CIRCLE MORE THAN 46 ANSWERS. Some questions must have more than one answer.

Blanks or short answers do not count as part of this number.

1. Which is/are true of all members of the Cactaceae:

2. Bromeliads which are tank epiphytes:

3. Orchids and bromeliads are C.A.M. plants, which means that they:

4. The roots of epiphytic orchids:

5. Which ONE of the following is NOT one of the "Green Beret" house plants:

6. Picking off spent blooms on most annuals usually encourages them to grow and produce more flowers. Why is

7. Which TWO the following families are native only to the New World (Western Hemisphere):.

8. At what stage of the life cycle are houseplant pests the most susceptible to chemical control?

9. Which ONE of the following is the correct name of a nice cultivar of a red maple with good red fall color:

10. What do you think Liberty Hyde Bailey would say is the single most important reason for knowing the scientific

11.Spring-flowering shrubs should not be pruned until:

12. Ferns may be propagated by:

13. Which of the following is/are advantage(s) of a deciduous tree in your yard:

14. All cultivars are

15. Which of the following house plant pests do(es) NOT suck plant juices and secrete honey-dew:

16. Which one plant family does NOT contain both epiphytic and terrestrial members of horticultural significance:

17. Characteristic(s) which almost all tropical epiphytes share is/are

18. One component a good soil mixture for growing plants would NOT need to contain is

19. Systemic pesticides are ideal to use in the greenhouse because they

20. How would a plant growing in very high light protect itself from too much light and heat:

21. Under wat circumstances would and evergreen shrubs hardy in zone 5 make a good greenhouse or house-plant a.

22. Which of the following are important to do in a greenhouse or home:

23. One fruit/plant NOT developed by Luther Burbank is the

24. Relative humidity goes up indoors when when

25. What chemical would you use to kill aphids:

26. Which of the following is/are NOT good rules to help avoid plant poisoning:

27.Which one factor is most important in providing an optimal environment for a typical tropical houseplant

28. Broadleaf evergreen plants are best used for what landscape purpose(s):

a.	b.
c.	d.

29. What one combination of characters makes all orchids distinctive in the plant world:

30. When selecting and applying a fertilizer to potted house plants, which factor is MOST important:

31. Which three of the following plant families have a significant number of cultivated species that are dangerously poisonous to humans:

32. Which two of the following would be the best structure for a weed to have if it were to behave as a good perennial:

* * * * * * *

PART 2

On the following short answer questions, TAKE you time and THINK , and WRITE clearly, please.

33. What does the hardiness zone map of the United States tell you about growing outdoor plants? (2 pts)

34. Why would it be important to tell a physician as soon as possible the weight, not just the age, of a young child if there is a good chance the child was poisoned by a plant or a pesticide?

35. What are three specific and different reasons why houseplants moved outdoors for the summer may require considerably more

water when you bring them inside in the fall than they did when they were put indoors in the spring (2 points)

36. Briefly describe, or draw, two specific different growth patterns exhibited by ferns, AND give a common

name (or genus) for each. (2 pts)

37. Which would you rather have, a seedling from a self-pollinated seed pod of an awarded orchid called Phalaenopsis MAUDIAE

‘Claire de Lune," or a mericlone of the plant itself? Tell one reason why you would want EACH of these two types of plants. (2 pt)

38. Landscape plants perform many uses such as foundations, specimens or hedges and are selected based on their form,

texture and color. What two other factors must be consider when selecting landscape plants for these situations. Why? (2 pts)

39. What book(s) would you consult to answer each of the following questions. BE AS SPECIFIC AS YOU CAN.(3 pts)

a. determine the correct scientific name of a plant for which you know only a common name.

b. find out how to propagate a plant whose name you know.

c. find a picture of a plant to confirm its identity.

d. Find out where a plant comes from so you might know the climate it likes

40. What are two strictly cultural (or environmental) reasons why foliage house plants many not produce flowers? (2 pts)

Part 3

41. MATCHING. Match the letter of the person with aspects of his/her life and work. (10 points)

	A - David Fairchild
	B - Liberty Hyde Bailey
	C - Luther Burbank
	D - Elizabeth Lawrence
	E. - J.C. Raulston
	F. - Gertrude Jekyll

42. MATCHING: Place the correct letter from Column B (features) in the blanks in Column A (use each letter only once). (6 pts)

Col. A Col. B

a. _____ Brookgreen Gardens A.

b. _____ Longwood Gardens B.

c. _____ Missouri Bot. Gardens C.

d. _____ U.S. National Arboretum D.

e. _____ Huntington Bot. Gardens E.

f. _____ Fairchild Gardens F.

43. Essay:

"Why are all good houseplants tropical plants, but not all tropical plants make good houseplants?"

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Part 4 - These last questions refer to the specimens on the tables:

One person at a time per numbered site (42 points total, or 2 pts/blank)

Code Letters for succulents below:

C = Cereiform A = Cactiform R = Rossulate S = Crassuliform D = Caudiciform M = Mimicry

44. Give the name and Code Letter in the appropriate blank to indicate the order of increasing LIGHT requirements: #1 would require the LEAST light.

1.____________________ 2.___________________ 3.____________________ 4._____________________

code

45. Give the name and the succulent Code Letter of each in the appropriate blank to indicate order of increasing WATER requirements. #1 would require the LEAST water.

1._____________________ 2.__________________ 3.____________________ 4._____________________

code

46. INDICATE which ONE does not fit with the others and why

a. ________________________ b. _______________________________

c. ________________________ d. _______________________________

Which one doesn't fit and why?__________________________________________________________________

47. Identify the genus and the parts labeled A and B of this plant.(4 pts)

Genus__________________________ "A" ___________________________ "B" ___________________________

48. Identify each genus and tell whether it requires High, Medium or Low light, relatively: (Use H, M, L)

A. ___________________________________

B. ____________________________________ C. ____________________________________