1. The cells which carry electrical signals
are __________.
a. axons
b. neurons
c. processes
d. glial cells
e. acinar cells
2. The afferent and efferent axons together
form the _________.
a. central nervous system
b. autonomic division system
c. somatic motor division of the nervous system
d. peripheral nervous system
e. visceral nervous system
3. Processes or appendages that are part of
neurons include __________.
a. axons
b. dendrites
c. neuroglia
d. A
and B
e. A,
B and C
4. The thin, branched processes of a neuron
whose main function is to receive incoming signals are the __________.
a. cell bodies
b. axons
c. dendrites
d. somata
e. none of these
5. EPSPs
(excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when __________.
a. more potassium ions than usual leak out of a
cell
b. more calcium ions than usual leak out of a
cell
c. chloride ions enter a cell
d. sodium channels are opened
e. hyperpolarizations
occur
6. Spatial summation refers to __________.
a. electrical signals reaching neurons from
outer space.
b. multiple graded potentials originating from
different locations simultaneously.
c. repeated graded potentials reaching the
trigger zone one after the other.
d. suprathreshold
potentials triggering action potentials that are extra-large.
e. all of these accurately describe spatial
summation
7. Temporal summation refers to __________.
a. the temporal lobe of the brain coordinating
neuronal interaction.
b. multiple graded potentials originating from
different locations simultaneously.
c. repeated graded potentials reaching the
trigger zone one after the other.
d. suprathreshold
potentials triggering action potentials that are extra large.
e. all of these accurately describe temporal
summation.
8. Which of the following statements are true regarding the action potential in a given cell?
a. Each
action potential is identical to any other action potential.
b. An
action potential does not diminish in strength as it travels along the cell
membrane.
c. As
long as a stimulus is above threshold, the strength of the stimulus doesn't
matter.
d. Both A and C are true.
e. A,
B and C are true.
9. The all-or-none phenomenon applies to
__________.
a. action potentials
b. graded potentials
c. both A and B
d. neither A nor B
10. EPSPs (excitatory
postsynaptic potentials) occur when __________.
a. more potassium ions than usual leak out of a
cell
b. more calcium ions than usual leak out of a
cell
c. chloride ions enter a cell
d. sodium channels are opened
e. hyperpolarization occurs
11. The absolute refractory period of an action
potential __________.
a. ensures one-way travel down an axon
b. allows a neuron to ignore a second signal
sent that closely follows the first
c. prevents summation of action potentials
d. A
and B
e. A,
B and C
12. In order to signal a stronger stimulus,
action potentials become __________.
a. larger
b. more frequent
c. longer lasting
d. both A and B
e. both A and C
13. Saltatory
conduction refers to __________.
a. conduction in frog neurons
b. conduction in squid axons
c. leapfrogging neurotransmitters
d. action potentials "leaping" from
one node of Ranvier to the next
e. movement of NaCl (a
salt) across membranes
14. Saltatory
conduction occurs in __________.
a. dendrites
b. unmyelinated axons
c. myelinated axons
d. skeletal muscle cells
e. all of these
15. The organ that is vital in the maintenance
of Na+ and K+ levels in the blood is the __________.
a. liver
b. spleen
c. kidney
d. brain
e. lung
16. Which type of synapse dominates the nervous
system?
a. chemical
b. electrical
c. mechanical
d. processing
e. radiative
17. The ion needed to initiate the release of
acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is ___________.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. calcium
d. chloride
e. zinc
18.
Excitatory
neurotransmitters of the CNS usually act by opening _________ gates.
a. Na+
b. K+
c. Cl-
d. H+
e. Ca2+
19.
The following are
steps involved in transmission at a cholinergic synapse.
1. Chemically regulated ion channels on
the postsynaptic membrane
are activated.
2. Calcium ions enter the axon terminal.
3. An action potential depolarizes the
axon terminal at the
presynaptic
membrane.
4. Acetylcholine is released from storage
vesicles by exocytosis.
5. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the
postsynaptic membrane.
The
correct sequence for these events is
a. 4,
2, 1, 5, 3
b. 3,
2, 4, 5, 1
c. 2,
4, 1, 3, 5
d. 2,
5, 4, 1, 3
e. 1,
2, 3, 4, 5
20. What ion channel is the most important in
the generation of the resting membrane potential?
a. Voltage dependent K channel
b. Passive Na channel
c. Passive K channel
d. Chemically activated K channel
21.
What happens to membrane
permeability when an action potential is initiated in a nerve cell?
a. The membrane permeability switches from being
highly permeable to K ions to being highly permeable to Na ions
b. The membrane permeability switches from being
highly permeable to Na to being highly permeable to K ions
c. The membrane permeability does not change
d. The membrane becomes highly permeable to Ca
ions
22.
What type of
sensory receptor is important in initiating the stretch reflex commonly called
the nerve jerk reflex?
a. Thr Golgi tendon
organ
b. Muscle spindles
c. Pacinian corpuscles
d. Nociceptive
receptors
23. What is the neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic motor axon at the neuromuscular junction?
a. serotonin
b. glutamate
c. acetylcholine
d. norepinepherine
24. What happens to the generator potential in a sensory
receptor if you decrease the intensity of the adequate stimulus?
a. it increases in amplitude
b. it stays the same
c. it decreases in amplitude
d. it increases in duration
25. What would happen to action potentials recorded in an
optic nerve if you decreased the intensity of light used to stimulate the
receptor?
a. The amplitude would be increased
b. The frequency would be decreased
c. The amplitude would be decreased
d. The frequency would not be altered
26. What would happen to the amplitude of the post
synaptic potential if the synapse was bathed in a solution that blocks voltage
dependent Ca channels?
a. It would be decreased
b. It would not be altered
c. No post synaptic potential would be
recorded
d. There would be an increase in amplitude
27. If a post synaptic cell at a synapse was depolarized
towards -45mV then
a.
The presynaptic cell would release more transmitter
b. There is an increased probability that the
postsynaptic cell will be activated
c. There is an increased probability that the
postsynaptic cell will be inhibited
d. The postsynaptic cell will be not be
influenced
28. What type of axons have the
fastest conduction velocities?
a. Large diameter unmyelinated
axons
b. Small diameter myelinated
axons
c. Small diameter unmyelinated
axons
d. Large diameter myelinated
axons
29. What sensory pathway transmits information about
painful stimuli?
a. The dorsal column pathway
b. The anterolateral
pathway
c. The corticospinal pathway
d. The ventromedial pathway
30. During the afterhyperpolariztion
phase of the action potential, which of the following
statements is true.
a. Passive K channels are closed and voltage
gated K channels are open,
b. Voltage dependent Na channels are open and
passive Na channels are open
c. Voltage dependent Na channels are open and
passive K channels are open
d. Voltage dependent K channels are open and
passive K channels are open
31. The basic structural and functional unit of the human
body is __________.
a. protein
b. the cell
c. tissue
d. the organ
e. the organ system
32. The watery medium that surrounds a cell is known as
__________.
a. cytosol
b. protoplasm
c. extracellular fluid
d. cytoplasm
e. a colloidal gel
33. There are trillions of cells in your body. How many
primary types of tissue are there?
a. four
b. one hundred
c. one
d. ten
e. forty
34. The tissue that secretes material to the external
environment is
a. epithelial tissue
b. connective tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. neural tissue
e. contractile tissue
35. What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in
the body?
a. intracellular
and plasma
b. plasma and
interstitial
c. interstitial and
intracellular
d. plasma and the
fluid portion of the blood
e. none of these
36. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. diffusion is the movement of solute molecules from an
area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration
b. diffusion is slow over long distances
c. the smaller the molecule, the faster the molecule will
diffuse
d. the larger the surface area, the more molecules can
diffuse across per unit time
e. all of these statements are true
37. Which of the following is a way for solutes in an aqueous
solution to move from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low
solute concentration?
a.
facilitated diffusion
b. osmosis
c. active
transport
d. A and B
e. none of
these
38. Hyposmotic solutions __________.
a. have
higher concentrations of solutes than hyperosmotic
solutions
b. have lower
concentrations of solutes than other hypotosmotic
solutions
c. have the
same concentration of solutes as hyperosmotic
solutions
d. have lower
concentrations of solutes than hyperosmotic solutions
e. none of
these
39. Which of the following statements about the Na+/K+
pump is FALSE?
a. it
transports Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell
b. it is
present in neurons
c. its
activity requires the expenditure of metabolic (cellular) energy
d. it
transports Na+ and K+ in a 1:1 ratio
40. Which of the following is more concentrated inside the
cell?
a. K+
b. Na+
c. Cl-
d.
extracellular proteins
41. The principal cations in our
extracellular fluid are __________.
a. sodium,
potassium
b. sodium, calcium
c. potassium,
calcium
d. calcium,
magnesium
e. sodium,
magnesium
42. Which of the following defines the term specificity?
a. movement
of molecules by the use of vesicles
b. the energy
required to move molecules
c. a group of
carrier proteins operating at their maximum rate
d. carrier
transport of a group of closely related molecules
43. Which of the following pairs of molecular
characteristics favors diffusion through the cell membrane?
a. large,
polar
b. large,
non-polar
c. small,
polar
d. small,
non-polar
44. If a 10% sucrose solution is separated from a 20%
sucrose solution by a membrane impermeable to sucrose, in which direction will
net movement of water occur?
a. from the
10% sucrose solution to the 20% sucrose solution
b. from the
20% sucrose solution to the 10% sucrose solution
c. there will
be no net movement of water in this case
d. both A and
B
e. neither A
nor B
45. Diffusion tends to __________.
a. increase
local concentration gradients
b. create
concentration gradients
c. move
substances against the concentration gradient
d. eliminate
concentration gradients
46. Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in
that __________.
a.
facilitated diffusion uses cell membrane proteins to move substances, whereas
active transport does not
b.
facilitated diffusion uses a substrate to bind to a protein carrier, whereas
active transport does not
c. ATP is necessary for active
transport, but not for facilitated diffusion
d.
facilitated diffusion moves water across the cell membrane, whereas active
transport does not
47. Water will always move from _________ situations to
_________ situations.
a. hyperosmotic, hyposmotic
b. hyposmotic, hyperosmotic
c. hyposmotic, isosmotic
d. hyperosmotic, isosmotic
48. With the exception of olfaction, all sensory pathways first travel to the _________, which acts as a relay and processing station.
a. cerebrum
b. thalamus
c. cerebellum
d. hypothalamus
e. medulla oblongata
49. When catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) bind to receptor, _____________________.
a. alpha 2 receptors cause smooth muscle contraction.
b. alpha 1 receptors cause smooth muscle contraction
c. beta 2 receptors cause smooth muscle contraction
d. M receptors cause smooth muscle contraction
e. beta 1 receptors cause smooth muscle to relax
50. The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for intense levels of activity and stress is the __________.
a. sympathetic division
b. parasympathetic division
c. craniosacral division
d. intramural division
e. somatomotor division
51. What sensory pathway transmits information about tactile stimuli?
a. The dorsal column pathway
b. The anterolateral pathway
c. The corticospinal pathway
d. The ventromedial pathway