Sample Tests

SAMPLE TEST 1

ECONOMIC BOTANY Name______________________________________________

Test1

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: Answer the following questions briefly; you may write on the back. (3 points each)

1. Briefly explain how the concept environmental carrying capacity relates to origin of domesticated plants.

2. What are three useful products made from soy beans? Briefly tell how each is made.

3. Briefly explain two different myths or folklore that have been used to explain how or why the practice of cultivating food originated.

4. Seeds (e.g. peanut) are generally more nutritious that fruits (e.g., apple), roots (e.g., sweet potato) or leaves (e.g., cabbage), but all these contribute important components to the diet. Briefly tell what useful types of nutrients are mainly or typically found in each of these 4 plant parts.

5. Give two different examples of how mutations (or characteristics) may be selected for in crops to obtain new, different useful crops. That is, how may man change plants in the course of domesticating them.

6. Why do Americans eat so much sugar?

7. What is the world's most important crop? Why?

8. Throughout history certain segments of society have had the urge to "whiten" or "purify" their food materials (for example, flour, sugar & rice). What are two results of this practice?

9. What are 4 specific ways in which wheat changed as it was domesticated. How do we know that it underwent these changes?

11. Give one example of a food "taboo." Why is such a practice useful?

12. Briefly explain how modern maize evolved from its presumed ancestor, teosinte. That is, explain the origin of the "ear" of modern corn.

13. Rank these 5 sugars in terms of how sweet they should taste, with number 1 being the most sweet.

___honey ___corn syrup ___table sugar ___maple syrup ___molasses

14. Identify the plants or products on display on the table:

a._____________________________ b._______________________________ c.____________________________

16. MATCHING: Place a letter from Column B in the appropriate blank in Column A. Use a letter only once. Choose the best answer in each case. You will not use all the letters in Column B. (22 points)

Column A Column B

1. _____gluten	A. (you study by deciding what to match with Col. A)

2. _____massecuite	B.

3. _____true yam	C.

4. _____millet family	D.

5. _____durum	E.

6. _____nitrogen fixation	F.

7. _____blight in Ireland	G.

8. _____thrashing	H.

9. _____50% protein	I.

10._____favism	J.

11._____maltose	K.

12._____pea family	L.

13._____ancient Old World pulse	M.

14._____aleurone	N.

15._____intergeneric hybrid	O.

16._____paddy	P.

17._____highest protein grain	Q.

18._____peanut	R.

19._____gigantism	S.

20._____starchy root	T.

21._____high in potassium	U.

22._____glucose	V.

18. INSTRUCTIONS: Below is a map of the world with the outline of the major countries indicated. Use the number beside each of the six countries or regions listed in the table to identify that country on the world map. In the blanks in the table, give one example of an appropriate food plant (grain, legume or other significant edible type) that would have come from the countries based on the region where the countries are located ("centers and non-centers of crop origins"). If neither a grain nor legume came from a region, write "NONE."

Also, note column five asks for the specific food use for the “other” selection; for example, source of oil, etc.

Use common names; extra credit for scientific names not printed elsewhere on this test (30 points total)

Country Grain Legume other use of other

1. Sudan
2. West Indes
3. Peru
4. SE Asia
5. Iraq
6. Indonesia

SAMPLE TEST 2

ECONOMIC BOTANY

Name__________________________________

Covers Chapters 7-11. March 30, 2004

IMPORTANT NOTE: some of these questions may be from chapter 12 or other chapters since past tests may have covered other material. This is NOT meant to be a complete test, but a sample.

MULTIPLE CHOICE (circle the letter of the one best answer) [1 point each] NOTE: answer choices are not here for every question on this sample.

1. The most important book on the uses of plants, which remained the infallible authority until 1500 AD, was

2. Incunabula were:

3. The first herbal to contain realistic drawings made from nature was:

4. The earliest known herbal was the:

6. The main objective of the early herbalist was to:

7. Which famous herbalist is credited with disproving the ancient myth that "the gathering of fern seed on midsummer night's eve was fraught with danger unless certain superstitious rites were observed" ?

8. The most useful characteristic for differentiating herbs from spices is:

9. During the 1800's when the first seeds of spices were smuggles out of India, which colonial power held the monopoly on the spice trade:

10. If you are eating the pericarp of a fruit, you are eating a(n

11eucalyuptus oil comes from the same genus of tree as:

12. The term "baccalaureate" originally referred to:

13. Saffron comes from the:

14. A tincture is: (

15. Most spices are used as perfume and flavorings because of their:

16. The single spice most consistently found in different curries is:

17. The three most important spices which originated in the New World are:

18. Members of the genus prunus are called "stone" fruits because:

19. Fruits that develop without seeds are called:

20. The most valuable spice in the world, based on the dollar value of annual production, probably is:

21. The tropical fruit with the most protein is

24. The world's most expensive spice used today is:

25. The poisonous principle of the glycoside found in many Prunus (peach, cherry) and Malus (apple, pear) species is:

26. What do bloodroot, mayapple, and periwinkle have in common:

27. A mythradate is a(n):

28. What do digitalis, strychnine, and nicotine have in common

29. Atropine acts to counter certain kinds of nervous system poisons by:

30. Which one of the following is NOT an alkaloid:

31. Fill in the missing information in this Chart.

There are 16 blanks at 2 points each. Item Use (be specific)

CommonName use Family ____________________________________________________________________________

a. diosgenin Dioscoreaceae ________________________________________________________________________

b. Tabasco ________________________________________________________________________

c. copra Arecaceae ________________________________________________________________________

d. eugenol flavoring Myrtaceae ________________________________________________________________________

e. dill

________________________________________________________________________

f. holy smoke Fabaceae ________________________________________________________________________

g. semi‑drying oil Asteraceae ________________________________________________________________________

h. pome edible fruit

________________________________________________________________________

i. seasoning

________________________________________________________________________

SHORT ANSWER (7 points each 32. Discuss the family in terms if their significance to Economic Botany other than as staple food crops. Give specific examples (common names are acceptable) whenever possible.

33. What are two different reasons why rice and soybeans from China were not as valuable to Europeans as cinnamon and black pepper in 1492.

34. What was one positive and one negative role of the church with regards to the field of medicine during the Middle Ages in Europe.

35. Explain the difference between a saturated and a poly‑unsaturated fat. Give an example of an edible oil high in each of of these two types.

36. Compare the necessity of eating grains and legumes, on the one hand, with eating fruits and vegetables on the other hand.

37. Plant oils come exclusively from seeds. Give an explanation as to why these oils are found concentrated in seeds.

38. Briefly discuss dates and figs as economic plants. Why were they so important in Biblical times?

39.In 1981 Consumer Reports rated cereals on the basis of nutrition. The top 9 were: All Bran, Cheerios, Cracklin Bran, Familia, Frosted Mini‑wheats, GrapeNuts, Life, Lucky Charms, Shredded Wheat. How did they know these were the best cereals. Which one was the very best. Why?

40. What are some significant non-food uses of some of the plants we have studied. Be specific as to use and plant.

41. Make an argument as to whether sugar is a drug, a food, or a spice.

42. What are 2 differences between the behavior of plants that might (1) store food in their roots and leaves vs (2) those that store food in their fruits and seeds.

43. What are cole corps an example of?

44. Explain the sugar triangle.

45.What are 3 reason why olive oil is so useful. What is extra virgin olive oil?

46. What allowed canola oil to become to widely used?

47. Why is chewing gum not really a gum?

48. What is the difference between a wax and an oil

49. Rank the major food crops of the world in terms of metric tons produced, which country is the leading produce of each, and compare to the 10 most nutritious crops in the world. Why are these lists not the same? Are there differences between temperate and tropical crops in terms of nutrition.

50. There will be a chart and a map as before asking about major useful plants from various countries of the world.

END TEST 2 SAMPLE

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SAMPLE FINAL EXAM

BELOW

Economic Botany Final Exam Name_______________________________

Spring 150 points

FAMILY CHART

1. Fill in the separate chart, identifying by common name, plants of various economic value as indicated by the 10 columns (=uses) on the chart. FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS on the chart sheet. 76 points total, 2 points per correct lan t name. Use a name only once.

Plants will be listed in rows by Family - so know what plants are in what families.

for example

families	protein	starch	eaten as fruit	medicinal	herb or spice	etc
Asteraceae
Poaceae
Fabaceae
Brassicaceae
Rosaceae

MULTIPLE CHOICE: (2 points each)

2 Which one of the following is not a category of plant secondary metabolites of use to humans:

3 Which of the following distilled spirits has over 50% alcohol and is made from corn:

4 Which one of the following is not a characteristic of drug addiction:

5 Which one does not fit with the others:

6 Which tea is not fermented:

7 The tropane alkaloids are found in the:

8 Which of the following was never a hallucinogen in Medieval Europe:

9 Which of these changes in crops is most likely to make them more nutritious

10 Corn arose from its ancester teosinte by

11 Why can’t you make a loaf of cornbread?

12 Dextrose, as a common ingredient in many products, is:

13 Whole grains generally are high in

14 Malaysia is known for

15 Hydrogenation makes an oil

16 A soap is made by

17 The holistic practice of medicine developed over 3,000 years ago in India is

18 Which one is true of alcohol

19 Seedless fruits are

20 Which psychoactive drug can be an antidote to poisoning because it acts as an antagonist at neurotransmitter sites:

21 Which one is NOT a correct combination of a plant drug and its useful derivative or modification?

22 Indicate the order (1-5) of occurrence of these inventions, with #1 being the earliest:

_____ vulcanization _____ mead _____ salt water taffy _____ nylon _____ cotton gin

SHORT ANSWERS: Answer as concisely (not just simply) as you can, giving brief explanations and examples. (3 points ea):

23 What is a shaman and what is his significance to society? What are three different professions in our “modern” society that perform some of his duties?

25 Nicotine is a mimic of Acetylcholine. Very specifically, what does this mean with respect to how nicotine affects the body of the person using it? That is, what is the mode of chemical action.

EXAMPLES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION: Give a specific plant involved and brief explanation of how each method works: (2 points each)

27 snuff

28 smoke

29 ingest through stomach and intestines

30 absorb through skin

31 MATCHING

Place the best LETTER from column B in the blank in column A. Use all letters. (1 point each)

Some of these questions are from test 2 this year.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

_____ durum	A. ice cream
_____ many fermented products	B. vulcanization
_____ condom	C. Nikolay Vavilov
_____ chicle	D. latex
_____ gum Arabic	E. wheat
_____ rubber	F. Coffea arabica
_____ guar gum	G. mash
_____ amber	H. Santa Anna
_____ orange pekoe	I. gymnosperm resin
_____ caffeine	J. Tea sinensis
_____wine	K. soybeans
_____genetic origin of crops	L. Acacia senegal

Final will cover chapters 12-13-14 in 2004 and tohjer topics we discussed since last Test 2.

CHECK Your other matching quizes in lecture and notes on the video Power Of Plants.

Also remember the discussion questions.

END Final Exam sample

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